Thirteen of the 15 Mercer County towns on our map sit inside a public water system on EPA's map, and the two largest systems draw on the Shenango River. Even so, the well logs around each of those towns run to the hundreds.
Shenango River intakes and town wells
Two Aqua PA systems take their water from the Shenango River. The Shenango Valley system serves about 48,000 people, and five towns on our map fall inside it: Farrell, Hermitage, Mercer, Sharon and West Middlesex. Aqua's Greenville system serves about 8,600. The Sharpsville Borough Water Company buys its supply from the Shenango Valley system.
The other six systems pump groundwater from their own wells: Stoneboro from six active wells, Grove City and Sandy Lake from four, Jamestown from three, Fredonia and Lake Latonka from two. Sandy Lake and Stoneboro each list the other as a seller. EPA's map shows no system at Clark or Sheakleyville, which is not proof that no home there is connected; any home on a public line gets its water report from the utility. What these systems do to the water is on the Mercer County treatment page.
Town medians from 80 to 110 feet
USGS holds 2,406 groundwater site records for Mercer County, with a median depth of 90 feet and a middle half between 65 and 130. The town medians come from a separate set, the logs within 5 miles of each town center. West Middlesex (110 feet), Farrell (107) and Greenville (105) sit at the deep end; Stoneboro (82), Lake Latonka (81) and Sheakleyville (80) sit at the shallow end.
Median yields run from 15 gallons a minute around Farrell, Hermitage, Sharon, Sharpsville and West Middlesex to 25 around Greenville, Grove City, Sandy Lake and Stoneboro. Those figures are a starting point for a new well, not a promise for one property, and the cost page explains what moves the price.
Four rock units under the town centers
The Cuyahoga Group is mapped at six town centers: Clark, Farrell, Greenville, Sharon, Sharpsville and West Middlesex. The Pottsville Formation is mapped at four (Fredonia, Grove City, Hermitage and Mercer), the Shenango Formation at four more (Lake Latonka, Sandy Lake, Sheakleyville and Stoneboro), and Berea Sandstone through Venango Formation at Jamestown.
Depth to bedrock in the logs is a median of 18 to 30 feet around most towns. Sandy Lake (35), Stoneboro (40) and Grove City (50) have more ground above the rock. A formation name describes the rock at one mapped point, not under every lot, so the logs closest to a property say more about it. On an older well, a well inspection and pump service come from the same Greenville crew that drills new ones.
Source: Water quality: USGS National Water Information System results for Mercer County wells, served through the Water Quality Portal, sampled between 1928 and 2023, retrieved 2026-09-14. Each well counts once, as the median of its samples. The 0.3 mg/L iron and 0.05 mg/L manganese marks are EPA secondary standards, which are aesthetic limits, not health limits. Well depth: USGS groundwater site inventory for Mercer County, 2,406 wells with a recorded depth, retrieved 2026-09-14.